The energy density of lithium-ion is typically twice that of the standard nickel-cadmium. There is potential for higher energy densities. The load characteristics are reasonably good and behave similarly to nickel-cadmium in terms of discharge. The high cell voltage of 3.6 volts allows battery pack designs with only one cell. Most of today’s mobile phones run on a single cell. A nickel-based pack would require three 1.2-volt cells connected in series.Despite its overall advantages, lithium-ion has its drawbacks. It is fragile and requires a protection circuit to maintain safe operation. Built into each pack, the protection circuit limits the peak voltage of each cell during charge and prevents the cell voltage from dropping too low on discharge. In addition, the cell temperature is monitored to prevent temperature extremes. The maximum charge and discharge current on most packs are is limited to between 1C and 2C. With these precautions in place, the possibility of metallic lithium plating occurring due to overcharge is virtually eliminated.
Manufacturers are constantly improving lithium-ion. New and enhanced chemical combinations are introduced every six months or so. With such rapid progress, it is difficult to assess how well the revised battery will age. 
Storage in a cool place slows the aging process of lithium-ion (and other chemistries). Manufacturers recommend storage temperatures of 15°C (59°F). In addition, the battery should be partially charged during storage. The manufacturer recommends a 40% charge.
Advantages
High energy density – potential for yet higher capacities.
Does not need prolonged priming when new. One regular charge is all that’s needed.
Relatively low self-discharge – self-discharge is less than half that of nickel-based batteries.
Low Maintenance – no periodic discharge is needed; there is no memory.
Specialty cells can provide very high current to applications such as power tools.
Limitations
Requires protection circuit to maintain voltage and current within safe limits.
Subject to aging, even if not in use – storage in a cool place at 40% charge reduces the aging effect.
Transportation restrictions – shipment of larger quantities may be subject to regulatory control. This restriction does not apply to personal carry-on batteries.
Expensive to manufacture – about 40 percent higher in cost than nickel-cadmium.
Not fully mature – metals and chemicals are changing on a continuing basis.
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